Pakistan

Environmental Technologies Sector Review

Definition and scale of sector

Why the sector was chosen in the West Midlands

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Alternate Energy - October 2007

Petroleum import bill incresaed from $6.67 billion, 2005-06, to as high as $7.73 billion in fiscal year 2006-07, grew 10 percent over the period under review. The import of oil products increased by 29.59 percent to $3.73 billion during the said period as against $2.88 billion in the same period last year. The import bill of crude oil has declined by about five percent to $3.60 billion as against $3.79 billion during the period under review.

Source: IAR ( Industrial advisory Reports)

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Coal Based Power Project III - September 2007

The coal deposits in Pakistan was known before independence, but its economic value was highlighted in 1980, when large reserves of coal were discovered in the Lakhra and Sonda, Tharparkar District of Sindh Province. These reserves spread over an area of 10,000 sq km. This discovery has provided a quantum increase in the coal resources of Pakistan and made the country having the 7th largest coal reserve among the top 20 countries in the world.

Source: IAR (Industrial Advisory Reports)

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Coal Based Power Project IV - September 2007

The prices of coal in the world market are determined by the demand of importing countries. The figures indicate the demand of coal of some of the countries, including Pakistan, IAR # 71. India which used to import 10 million ton of coal for cement and power has crossed 32 million ton and its demand is expected to grow to 45 to 50 million ton in coming years.

Source: IAR (Industrial Advisory Reports)

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Power Sector - A Report from UKTI - September 2007

Pakistan’s economy has doubled during the last five years with an average growth rate of 7%. Over the next five years, The Government of Pakistan (G.o.P.) envisages 6-7 percent growth per annum. This growth has led to rising energy demands, particularly for electricity, which is growing at 8-9% p.a. Nationally, peak electricity demand is currently 15,500MW against a guaranteed supply of 15,000MW. According to the GoP, by 2010 the gap between power demand and supply is expected to grow to 5,500MW in a zero capacity addition scenario.

Electricity Generation is one of the key sectors on the government agenda as the country is facing power shortages, especially during the summer due to the extensive use of air-conditioners, chillers and other electric appliances. As a result there are frequent power breakdowns and loadshedding throughout the country. On average, the household sector has been the largest consumer of electricity, accounting for 44.3 percent of total electricity consumption, followed by the industrial sector with 29.1 percent.

Source: UK Trade and Investment

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Alternative Energy I - January 2007

The import bill of petroleum increased 21.83 percent during the July-December period of fiscal year 2006 to $3.711 billion as against $3.046 billion in the corresponding period last year. The share of oil in the total import bill reached 25 percent as against 22 percent during the same period last year. It indicates that the share of oil import is still on the top despite a decline in oil prices in the international market.

The import of petroleum products increased 58.96 percent to $1.882 billion as against $1.184 billion. However, growth in import of crude oil declined by 1.75 percent to $1.828 billion as against $1.862 billion in the same months last year. Therefore, like last year, oil import bill was the main head of the trade deficit this year because of its greater consumption.

Source: IAR (Industrial Advisory Reports)

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Alternative Energy II - February 2007

All renewable energy-based power projects will enjoy the following fiscal and financial incentives. These facilities shall be equally applicable to private, public-private, and public sector renewable energy power projects.

Source: IAR (Industrial Advisory Reports)

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Bottled Water Plant - January 2007

For providing clean drinking water to the masses the Ministry of Industries Production and Special Initiatives has set January 20, 2007 as a deadline for all the local governments, Punjab, Sindh, NWFP. FATA, AJK and Northern Areas, and the related department like Project Directorate Clean Drinking Water Initiative (CDWI) and the concerned water companies to make all the drinking water plants operational, installed under CDWI.

The deadline was announced with consultation of Secretaries, Local Governments, Secretary Public Health Engineering Balochistan, Chairman PCRWR, Additional Secretary to Governor, FATA and MDs and representatives of WASA of Lahore, Multan, Karachi, Hyderabad, Rawalpindi and Faisalabad. Punjab government indicated that almost all the installed plants have been made functional except 15, which will be made functional till the January 20, 2007 deadline. Sindh Government informed that out of 35 nonfunctional plants 15 have been made functional and the remaining 20 will be made operational before the deadline. The Local Government, NWFP also showed some progress on making the plants functional.

Source: IAR (Industrial Advisory Reports)

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Drinking Water - December 2006 

Water is a blessing and all the human being dreadfully need safe and fresh water. According to ADB, approximately 20 percent of Asians do not have easy access to water while almost 60 river basins in Asia have been identified as potential flash points for inter-state conflict.

Water availability in Pakistan continues to decrease, both in total amount of water as well as in the per capita water availability. In 1951, when population stood at 34 million, per capita availability of water was 5,300 cubic meters, which has now decreased to 1,105 cubic meters, just touching water scarcity level of 1,000 cubic meters. With present growth in population and the low rainfalls, the upper limit of water scarcity i.e. 1,000 m3 of water per capita per year may be reached as early as the year 2010.

Source: IAR (Industrial Advisory Reports)

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Oil & Gas sector review - December 2006 

Oil and gas is one of Pakistan's major focuses for attracting inward investment and raising revenue. The breakdown of energy resources is:

• Natural gas: 52%
• Oil: 28%
• Coal: 7%
• Hydro Electricity: 12%
• Nuclear: 1%

It currently imports 85% of its energy needs, including over $4 billion of oil a year. The energy demand over the next five years is expected to grow at a rate of 7.4% per annun (Source: Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources).

Source: British High Commission

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Energy Conservation In Cement Industry - October 2006  

The conservation of energy is an essential step that takes towards overcoming the mounting problems of the worldwide energy crisis and environmental degradation. In particular, developing countries are interested to increase their awareness on the inefficient power generation and energy usage in their countries.

The cement industry consumes much energy. The cement industry is also noted for great percentage of the energy cost in the total production cost. In the cement industry, appreciable amounts of energy could be saved or conserved by preventing of leakage in the kilns, modifying the equipment to recover heat from the preheater and cooler in the process of cement-making and effective use of industrial waste materials.

Source: IAR (Industrial Advisory Reports)

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Oil and Gas sector - May 2006 

The government offers lucrative incentives to the investors in the Oil & Gas (O&G) sector, which is evident from the fact that out of 26, twenty-two are foreign petroleum companies operating in Pakistan including 6 from the UK. The current Petroleum Policy allows 100% foreign equity and no restriction on repatriation of capital, profit and dividends. All applications for exploration licences are decided within 60 days.

The sector attracts by far the highest level of foreign direct investment in the country and raises significant revenue for the government. In 2004-5 Oil & Gas and Petro-Refining sector attracted total FDI worth US$217.5m. The government’s long-term goal is to create a competitive efficiently run, financially viable and largely privatised O&G sector.

Source: UK Trade and Investment

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Iron And Steel Industry - March 2006 

At the time of partition neither any steel works nor any defence-oriented industry existed in the areas falling within the geographical boundaries of Pakistan whereas India had full-fledged steel mills operating before partition. However, the progress is quite satisfactory and the number of steel units in the organized sector has increased from nil to over 500.

Pakistan’s economy has shown robust growth of 8.4 percent in 2005 compared to 6.4 percent during the last year, supported by an impressive growth in manufacturing sector. The high growth of GDP has triggered staggering growth in various sectors of the economy particularly bringing a surge in steel demand.

Source: IAR (Industrial Advisory Reports)

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Paper & Board Industry I - February 2006 

Pakistan had no paper and paper board manufacturing unit at the time of independence and the entire needs were met through imports. First paper unit was established in 1956, with a 500 tons per annum production capacity. With this humble beginning, more units were then set up in Punjab, NWFP and Sindh, producing various grades of paper, using local and imported raw materials. However, due to ill planned growth in the 80’s and 90’s, many of the units are lying closed since that time.

At present, there are about 100 units in the organized and unorganized sectors, having a cumulative installed capacity of 650 thousand tons per annum. The units in organized sector have a capacity of 20 to 300 tons per day. The organized sector comprises of 26 paper-manufacturing units with 575 thousand tons production capacity. These units produce Writing and Printing Paper, Wrapping and Packing Paper, White duplex coated, Un-coated board, Chip Board and other board.

Source: IAR (Industrial Advisory Reports)

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Paper & Board Industry II (Paper Cone Manufacturing) - February 2006 

There are thousands of printing presses using paper of different types. But they are facing numerous problems due to high rate of taxes and duties. For instance, the printer and publishers pay various taxes include corporation tax, old age benefit tax, social security tax, labor tax and GST. These multiple taxes hindering the growth of the industry not only printing and publishing but also paper industry. The common man is also directly hit because the prices of books, notebooks increased by 30 to 35 percent. The price of copies that were being sold for Rs. 5 to 20 rose from Rs. 10 to 30, which directly deprived the middle class of standard books.

There are more than 20,000 printers enrolled at DCO, Office Press Branch. There are thousands of hundreds publishers, designer, composer, bookbinder, paper cutter, die-maker and die-cutter who are affected with the slum in paper industry. Millions of people are attached with this sector that helps to reduce unemployment in the country.

Source: IAR (Industrial Advisory Reports)

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Paper & Board Industry III - March 2006

Corrugated packages provide efficient and convenience for marketing of the product. When compared with wooden crates, corrugated boxes are light to carry and are preferred by airfreight companies. They are recyclable unlike non-recyclable packaging that has to be burnt at the end of its life.

It is expected that due to high economic growth of manufacturing sector there would be an increase in the demand for packaging facilities as well. There are vast potential for investment in packaging industry.

Source: IAR (Industrial Advisory Reports)

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